Political Representation of Women in India: From 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments to Women Reservation

Abstract

This paper examines the political representation of women in India, focusing on the landmark 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments and the ongoing debate around women's reservation in legislatures. The amendments, enacted in 1992, mandated a minimum 33% reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (rural local bodies) and Urban Local Bodies, marking a historic step towards inclusive governance. The paper analyzes the impact of these amendments on women's political participation, the challenges faced, and the status of the Women’s Reservation Bill aimed at reserving 33% seats for women in Parliament and State Assemblies. The study highlights the progress made, persistent barriers, and policy implications for enhancing women's political empowerment in India.